by Mark Kirkwood
(July 29th, 2001)
Do not attempt to install at all if you have less than 200 Mb of RAM as the installer will crash at link time ! (If you are an Oracle install pro then you can link manually to complete the process, but its a bit of a pest).
This release requires a 2.4.4 Kernel and Glibc 2.2.2. However you can install with 2.4.2 (Redhat 7.1) or 2.4.3 (Mandrake 8.0) Kernels.
There is an undocumented dependency on Binutils. The version that comes with Redhat 7.1 causes Oracle to be unlinkable. The solution is to use the version that comes with Redhat 7.0 (binutils-2.10.0.18) or Mandrake 8.0 (binutils-2.10.1.0.2).
The tested combinations were :
There are three big files :
Once downloaded then expand the archives somewhere where you have 2 GB of space :
# cd /var/bigspace # cpio -idmv Linux9i_Disk1.cpio.gz # cpio -idmv Linux9i_Disk2.cpio.gz # cpio -idmv Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gzThese expanded archives can be burned to three CDs to provide a convenient and professional looking installation.
# groupadd dba # useradd oracle # mkdir /usr/oracle # mkdir /usr/oracle/9.0 # chown -R oracle:dba /usr/oracleRemember you need 3 GB or so !
In addition I usually create the file /etc/oratab used to record databases :
# touch /etc/oratab # chown oracle:dba /etc/oratabThere is some folklore about setting a plethora of environment variables and a thing called "Optimal Flexible Architecture". This business is best summed up by saying : The procedure is neither optimal, flexible nor an architecture... but a way of laying out files that some Oracle folk like.
Ensure that you have installed X on your machine, as there is no longer a character mode installer.
Oracle, like most databases, needs to use IPC to create shared memory. Typically the default amount configured on most Linux distributions is minimal. To sort this out : ( as root here )
# sysctl -w kernel.shmmax=100000000 # echo "kernel.shmmax = 100000000" >> /etc/sysctl.confThis enables a shared memory segment to be 100 Mb ( probably enough to start you off...)
$ cd /var/bigspace $ cd Disk1 $ export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/oracle/9.0 $ ./runInstallerThe Java Gui installer will start and guide you through the process.
This part is now fairly easy - just pick "9i Database", then either of "Enterprise" or "Standard Edition" depending whether you want all the fancy bits or not ( bitmap indexes, partitions, transportable tablespaces etc require Enterprise Edition).
The next step asks about what database you want, I usually say "Software Only" and do the database later.
You will be asked where JDK is... if you don't have a JDK it does not matter ( unless you wish to do Java development of course).
Then click on install and wait for a while.
At some point you will be asked about the "other locations" for the remaining software archives.. its fairly straightforward what to be there ( if you have cut CDs, ensure your terminal window is not still cd'ed into the cdrom mount directory... )
$ export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib $ dbca &Additionally there is a network configuration tool with a similar UI :
$ netca &However I will detail a command line creation and configuration of a database so that some understanding of what is happening can be gained:
Set up configuration for a database called db1 :
$ cat "db1:/usr/oracle/9.0:Y >> /etc/oratab" $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs $ cat initdw.ora |sed s/"#db_name = MY_DB_NAME"/"db_name = db1"/|sed s/#control_files/control_files/ > initdb1.oraStart and create database :
$ export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib $ export ORACLE_SID=db1 $ sqlplus /nolog <<! connect / as sysdba startup nomount create database db1; !This creates a default database with files in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
Now add the database meta data to actually make it useful :
$ sqlplus /nolog <<! connect / as sysdba @?/rdbms/admin/catalog @?/rdbms/admin/catproc !Now create a user and give it wide ranging permissions :
$ sqlplus /nolog <<! connect / as sysdba create user myuser identified by password; grant create session,create any table to myuser; grant unlimited tablespace to myuser; !Now the usual sort of database stuff can be done :
$ sqlplus myuser/password <<! create table mytable(id integer, val varchar2(100)); insert into mytables values(1,'xxxxx'); select * from mytable; !You can shut down the database with :
$ sqlplus /nolog <<! connect / as sysdba shutdown !And start it again with :
$ sqlplus /nolog <<! connect / as sysdba startup !Simple command line versions of these are provided :
$ dbshut $ dbstartThe thing that is unusual about Oracle is that there is a one to one correspondence between database server (ORACLE_SID) and database (db_name in init$ORACLE_SID.ora) - i.e : one server manages one and only one database. Compare this to Mysql or Postgresql where one server manages many databases. If you want another database, then you must go through the above steps again with ORACLE_SID set differently and a new initialization file with a new db_name in it.
$ echo " LISTENER = (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY)))" > $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora $ lnsrctl start $ echo "DB1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = < your host >)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = db1)))" > $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.oraThese two commands tell the network listener where to listen, and clients were to send connection requests to. This can be tested by :
$ tnsping db1 1This should return (ok) [number]
#!/bin/sh
#
# oracle This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# the oracle services.
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: Oracle server
#
# probe: true
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then
exit 0
fi
# Check for echo -n vs echo \c
if echo '\c' | grep -s c > /dev/null 2 > &1 ; then
ECHO_N="echo -n"
ECHO_C=""
else
ECHO_N="echo"
ECHO_C='\c'
fi
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start server.
$ECHO_N "Starting Oracle: "$ECHO_C
su -l oracle -c sqlplus /nolog >/dev/null <<!
connect / as sysdba
startup
!
su -l oracle -c "lsnrctl start > /dev/null"
;;
stop)
# Stop server.
$ECHO_N "Stopping Oracle: "$ECHO_C
su -l oracle -c sqlplus /nolog > /dev/null <<!
connect / as sysdba
shutdown abort
!
su -l oracle -c "lsnrctl stop > /dev/null"
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
Then tell the system to run it : ( as root again )
# chkconfig --add oracleIt is nice to set up the Oracle .bash_profile to get ORACLE_SID and PATH working by default :
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi export BASH_ENV=$HOME/.bashrc export ORAENV_ASK=NO export ORACLE_SID=db1 if [ -f /usr/local/bin/oraenv ];then . /usr/local/bin/oraenv fi ORAENV_ASK=YES export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/libFinally a more sophisticated script to create a database in /var/oradata ( for example ) : ( as oracle )
#!/bin/bash
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# file : createdb1.sql
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DB=db1
DBPATH=/var/oradata
ORACLE_SID=$DB
mkinit()
{
export ORACLE_SID=$DB
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. /usr/local/bin/oraenv
cp init$DB.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
}
mkdb()
{
sqlplus /nolog <<!
CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE DATABASE $DB
DATAFILE '$DBPATH/$DB/sys.dat' SIZE 200M
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 10M
LOGFILE GROUP 1 '$DBPATH/$DB/log01.dat' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '$DBPATH/$DB/log02.dat' SIZE 50M
;
!
}
scdb()
{
sqlplus /nolog <<!
CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc
!
}
mktb()
{
sqlplus /nolog <<!
CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
CREATE TABLESPACE rollback
DATAFILE '$DBPATH/$DB/rollback.dat' SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 100M
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 10M NEXT 10M PCTINCREASE 0)
;
CREATE TABLESPACE temp
DATAFILE '$DBPATH/$DB/temp.dat' SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 100M
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 10M NEXT 10M PCTINCREASE 0)
TEMPORARY
;
CREATE TABLESPACE data
DATAFILE '$DBPATH/$DB/data.dat' SIZE 200M
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 100M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
;
!
}
mkoj()
{
sqlplus /nolog <<!
CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENt t0 ;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT t0 ONLINE;
SET TRANSACTION USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT t0;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT r0 TABLESPACE rollback;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT r1 TABLESPACE rollback;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT t0 OFFLINE;
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT t0;
!
echo "rollback_segments = (r0,r1)" >> $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$DB.ora
}
resp=n
echo -n "Create initial files ?"
read resp
case $resp in
y) echo "Creating initialization files"
mkinit
;;
esac
resp=n
echo -n "Create database ?"
read resp
case $resp in
y) echo "Creating $DB"
mkdb
;;
esac
resp=n
echo -n "Run database scripts ?"
read resp
case $resp in
y) echo "Running scripts for $DB"
scdb
;;
esac
resp=n
echo -n "Create tablespaces ?"
read resp
case $resp in
y) echo "Creating tablespaces for $DB"
mktb
;;
esac
resp=n
echo -n "Create objects ?"
read resp
case $resp in
y) echo "Creating some objects for $DB"
mkoj
;;
esac